Updated: 14th November 2025 Foreign Inward Remittance Certificate (FIRC) is a key term for anyone in India receiving payments from abroad,&nbsp; be it exporters shipping goods overseas or freelancers offering services to international clients.

Are you dealing with international payments and confused by terms like FIRC? If you’ve ever received money from abroad for your business or freelance work, you might have been told to get a FIRC. Don’t worry – you’re not alone in finding this acronym puzzling. In this conversational guide, we’ll demystify Foreign Inward Remittance Certificates (FIRC) – explaining what they are (including the full form and meaning), why they’re important, who needs them, and how to obtain one. By the end, you’ll know exactly why FIRC matters for Indian exporters, freelancers, small businesses, and even accountants handling cross-border transactions. Plus, we’ll share tips on making the whole process much easier (hint: there are modern solutions that do the heavy lifting for you). Let’s dive in!

Let’s start with the basics: FIRC stands for Foreign Inward Remittance Certificate. It’s essentially an official document from an Indian bank that confirms you’ve received a payment from abroad. Think of it as a receipt or proof of an inward remittance (foreign money transfer) into your Indian bank account.

In practical terms, a FIRC contains details of the foreign payment you received – such as the amount in foreign currency and INR, who sent the money (the sender’s name and country), who received it (your name/business name), the date, and the purpose of the payment. It’s issued by your bank (specifically, banks authorized to deal in foreign exchange, known as AD Category I banks) whenever you receive money from overseas.

In simpler words: if a client overseas wires you funds for an export or a freelance project, the FIRC is the document from your bank saying “Yes, we’ve got the money from abroad, and here are the details.” It’s an official proof that foreign funds landed in India into your account.

Quick note: Sometimes people use “FIRC” loosely to also refer to similar documents like a foreign inward remittance advice (FIRA).&nbsp; Essentially, all these serve the same purpose – proving that an international payment was received. We’ll explain the differences in a bit, but generally if someone asks for a FIRC, they mean the proof of a foreign payment credit.

Whether you are an Indian exporter, a freelancer providing services globally, or a small business owner, obtaining a FIRC (or its equivalent advice) for your foreign earnings is very important. Here are the key reasons why a FIRC matters so much:

In summary, a FIRC is more than just a piece of paper. It’s crucial for compliance, unlocking financial benefits, and keeping clean records of your foreign income. In India’s regulated foreign exchange environment, this certificate (or its digital equivalent) becomes a cornerstone for anyone transacting internationally.

Now that we know why it’s important, you might wonder: “Do I actually need a FIRC?” If you fall into any of the following categories, the answer is likely yes:

In a nutshell, any Indian individual or business receiving money from outside India should obtain a FIRC for each such inward payment. This spans everyone from large export firms to freelance graphic designers paid via PayPal. It’s a best practice even if not mandatory in every case, because it’s your safety net and proof if questions arise later.

FIRC in India: RBI Guidelines and the Switch to FIRA

It’s important to understand how FIRCs are handled in India today, because there have been regulatory changes in the past decade. Historically, banks issued a physical FIRC on security paper for every foreign inward remittance received against exports. However, since 2016, the RBI changed the process for most cases. Let’s break down what that means:

You might also have seen the term e-FIRC. This is a bit tricky because e-FIRC isn’t a separate document you receive in hand – it’s more of a concept/number in the background banking systems.

For most small businesses or freelancers who use a single bank (or a single platform) to both receive funds and handle paperwork, you may not need to worry much about the term “e-FIRC” – your bank’s advice and the automated systems take care of it. Just know that it refers to the electronic trail of your remittance in RBI’s systems.

Two acronyms that often come up together in export finance are FIRC and BRC. They are related but serve different purposes, and it’s important not to confuse them:

In simpler terms, think of it as a two-step chain: First, you get the FIRC/FIRA when money comes in. Then, that leads to a BRC which connects the money to a specific export transaction.

For example, suppose you shipped 100 units of a product on a certain date (your shipping bill records this) and later you got USD 1,000 for that shipment. When the $1,000 arrives, your bank gives you a FIRA confirming receipt. You then inform the bank (or it knows via systems) that this $1,000 corresponds to that shipping bill. The bank updates the records and an e-BRC is generated which you can download from the DGFT portal as proof that the export transaction is closed with payment received. Why is BRC needed? Because to claim many export incentives or to fulfill export obligations, you have to show BRCs to the government – it proves you not only exported but also got paid for it.

Bottom line: FIRC (or FIRA) confirms money received; BRC confirms that money was tied to an export. Both are important for exporters of goods (first you get FIRC, then BRC to claim benefits). Freelancers and pure service exporters mostly just handle FIRCs unless they are in scenarios that require reporting exports formally.

&nbsp;You can use this decision tree to decide which one do you need.&nbsp;

FIRC Certificate Format:&nbsp; What Information Does it Include?

This is a sample FIRC document. All crucial remittance details have been masked for security purposes. Now let’s break the content of a FIRC down: 

If you’ve never seen a FIRC or FIRA document, you might wonder what it looks like and what details it carries. While formats can vary slightly from bank to bank, a typical FIRC/FIRA document (usually a PDF or letter these days) will include the following key information:

A modern FIRA might not have the word “Certificate” on it, but it contains the same info as the old FIRC. Some banks still title it “Certificate of Foreign Inward Remittance” even if it’s a PDF. In any case, all the above details are what make it valuable – ensure everything matches your expectations when you receive one (more on that in a moment).

How to Obtain a FIRC (Procedure to Get the Certificate)

Obtaining a FIRC or FIRA for a foreign payment is not always automatic – often, you’ll need to request it from your bank. The process can vary slightly by bank, but here’s a general step-by-step guide for Indian businesses or freelancers:

1. Receive the Foreign Payment: This might sound obvious, but you can only get a FIRC after the money from abroad has credited to your bank account in India. So, first step – make sure the funds have arrived. Note down the transaction details like the date of credit, the amount in foreign currency and INR, and any reference number (UTR) if available. This info will be needed for the request.

2. Contact Your Bank to Request the FIRC/FIRA: Reach out to your bank’s branch or your relationship manager and let them know you need a FIRC (Foreign Inward Remittance Certificate) or advice for a particular transaction. Many banks have a specific form or format for this request. Depending on the bank, you might do one of the following:

In your request, you’ll generally need to provide:

Tip: If your bank has a mobile app or online banking, search for terms like “FIRC request” or “Remittance Certificate” – some banks have digitized this. Otherwise, a quick email to your branch manager with the details might do the trick.

3. Provide Supporting Documents (if required): Banks might ask for some documents to ensure the request is legit and to attach as proof of the transaction’s purpose. Common ones include:

Not every bank will ask for all of these – often if the transaction was straightforward and coded correctly, a FIRC request might go through with just the form. But don’t be surprised if they ask for an invoice copy or such, especially for higher amounts or the first time you’re requesting.

4. Pay the Bank’s Fee (if any): Here’s the part not everyone realizes: many banks charge a small processing fee for issuing a FIRC/FIRA. The fee varies by bank but is typically in the range of ₹200 to ₹500 per certificate, plus GST. For example, one bank might charge ₹300 + taxes for each FIRC. Some banks waive it for premium account holders or in special cases, but generally expect a fee. Usually, the bank will deduct this fee from your account or ask you to pay it upfront. When you fill the request form, it might mention the fee or your branch will inform you. (As a rough timeline, after you request, it often takes around 1–2 weeks for the bank to issue the FIRC. Some get it done in just a few days, but don’t bank on it – pun intended!)

Good News: If this process sounds a bit old-fashioned, you’re right – it can be tedious. But lately, some fintech platforms and modern banking services offer FIRA certificates for free and instantly as a perk. (We’ll talk more about that in a moment when discussing easier ways.)

5. Wait for the Certificate to be Issued: Once you’ve submitted the request (and any docs and fees), the bank’s forex operations team will verify the details. They’ll match the info you gave with the actual inward remittance record. If everything checks out, they will generate the FIRC (or FIRA). Nowadays, this is usually a PDF document on the bank’s letterhead with a digital signature, which they might email to you or make available for download (some still might print it for collection at the branch if you specifically need a hard copy). The time frame can vary:

Keep an eye on the email you provided (and check the spam folder just in case, since it’s often an automated email with a PDF attachment).

6. Verify the Details on the FIRC: When you finally receive the certificate/advice, do not skip this step! Carefully check all the details:

If you spot any error (typos in your name, wrong amount, incorrect purpose code, etc.), contact the bank immediately to correct it. It’s important the FIRC reflects the truth of the transaction. Banks can issue an amended FIRC if needed, but you may have to give proof of the correct info (for instance, if your name was spelled wrong, you might send a copy of your PAN or passport; if the amount in INR is off, maybe a statement copy). It’s best to catch errors early and have them fixed, so you don’t run into problems later when using the FIRC for official purposes.

7. Use the FIRC for Your Needs: Once you have the FIRC/FIRA in hand (or in email):

In short, use the FIRC anywhere you need to prove “I got paid from abroad for X purpose.” It’s your golden ticket for compliance and benefits.

8. Remember: One FIRC = One Transaction: If you receive multiple foreign payments, you will generally need to request separate FIRCs for each. Say you’re a freelancer who got five different payments from five clients – you’d have five FIRC documents (and possibly five fees…). Some payment aggregators or services might give a consolidated statement for multiple small payments, but banks usually treat each inward remittance as a separate record and issue individual certificates.

Getting FIRC the Easy Way (Automatic FIRC with Modern Platforms)

At this point, you might be thinking, “Wow, that’s a lot of steps and wait time just to get a certificate!” 🤯 Indeed, dealing directly with banks for FIRCs can be slow and involve charges. Here’s where fintech solutions come to the rescue.

Platforms like Skydo offer a much smoother experience for handling foreign payments. For instance, when you receive an export payment through Skydo, the FIRC (or FIRA) is generated for you automatically – and at no extra cost. It’s basically built into the process. You don’t have to file separate requests or wait weeks. As soon as the payment is received and processed, you can log into your Skydo dashboard and download the remittance advice instantly. All the details (amount, purpose, etc.) are neatly recorded, compliant with RBI rules, without you lifting a finger to request it.

This kind of solution is a game-changer for freelancers and small businesses: you get paid faster (since such platforms often streamline the transfer) and you get the FIRC document instantly for each transaction. No bank queues, no follow-ups, no fees per certificate. If you’re frequently dealing with international clients, using a modern global payments platform can save you a lot of headaches when it comes to compliance paperwork like FIRCs.

Is FIRC Mandatory for GST Refunds and Other Purposes?

One common question that arises is whether having a FIRC is mandatory for certain claims, especially the GST refunds on exports. The short answer: Yes, if you’re claiming a refund or benefit on the basis of an export, you’ll need proof of foreign inward remittance – usually in the form of FIRC/FIRA.

When you export goods or services from India, those exports are considered “zero-rated” for GST, meaning you don’t have to pay GST on the sale. However, you might have paid GST on inputs (input tax credit) and you’d want to get that refunded since your output was zero-rated. To process this refund, the tax authorities require evidence that you indeed received payment in convertible foreign exchange for that zero-rated supply. FIRC is that evidence. It authenticates that the money entered India’s banking system against your export.

Here’s how it typically works for a GST refund on exports:

If you don’t have a FIRC to show and try to claim a GST refund, the claim likely won’t be accepted because you haven’t furnished proof of realization of export proceeds. It’s a critical document for this purpose.

Similarly, for other schemes like certain subsidies or duty credits for exporters, the requirement is often to show the BRC or FIRC to prove that the export was completed monetarily.

For freelancers or service exporters who may not deal with GST refunds (if, say, you’re below GST threshold or exports of services under LUT), it might not feel “mandatory” day-to-day. But consider that under income tax or any scrutiny, you’d still want that FIRC as proof of earnings. Also, tomorrow if you do register for GST and want to claim something, having FIRCs from the past means you’re prepared.

In summary: For compliance and benefits, having FIRCs is effectively mandatory. It’s part of the paperwork you should maintain if you earn in foreign currency. And specifically for claiming GST refunds on exports, a FIRC is usually non-negotiable.

Conclusion:&nbsp; Making FIRC Hassle-Free

Dealing with cross-border payments can seem daunting at first – there’s compliance to consider and extra paperwork like FIRCs to manage. But understanding the ins and outs of FIRC means you’re now equipped to ensure every dollar, euro, or pound you earn overseas is properly documented without stress.

The good news is that you don’t have to wrestle with these processes alone. As the world of international business is evolving, so are the tools to manage it. Your focus should be on growing your business or honing your craft – not on chasing bank certificates. That’s exactly why platforms like Skydo exist: to simplify global payments and the red tape that comes with them.

With Skydo, for example, you can enjoy seamless international payments with no hidden fees, and every time you receive a cross-border payment, an auto-generated FIRC (remittance advice) is instantly available for you. No special requests, no fees per certificate, no delays – it’s just there, ready to download when you need it. This means you remain fully compliant with RBI rules effortlessly, and you can devote your energy to what truly matters: delivering great products or services and scaling your venture.

In conclusion, a Foreign Inward Remittance Certificate is a vital piece in the jigsaw puzzle of doing business globally from India. It ensures your hard-earned foreign revenues are officially recognized and securely in your pocket (or rather, your bank account). By staying informed and leveraging modern solutions, you can turn what used to be a cumbersome process into a minor footnote in your workflow. Happy exporting (or freelancing), and may all your international payments come with an easy FIRC! 🚀

What is FIRC? Learn the full form, meaning, and how Indian exporters & freelancers can get FIRC or FIRA to claim tax benefits and stay RBI-compliant.

FIRC Full Form, Meaning & Guide for Exporters

Dive into the world of FIRC. Explore the full form, importance, and process of obtaining FIRC for your international transactions

Foreign Inward Remittance Certificate (FIRC): Full form, meaning and RBI guidelines

Prashanth

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Prashanth Kumar

Imagine landing your first international client for your handmade jewelry, only to have your shipment held up at customs because your IEC (Importer Exporter Code) status shows "pending verification." This scenario plays out frequently for Indian businesses and freelancers who overlook IEC verification (an initiative by the government of India), leading to costly delays, storage charges, and potentially lost clients. The good news? A simple online verification process can help you avoid these headaches and ensure smooth international shipping.&nbsp;

This guide will explain how to check your IEC status online, understand different verification statuses, and prepare your business for hassle-free international trade.

An IEC is your passport for international trade. The Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) gives this unique 10-digit number to businesses and freelancers who want to trade internationally.

You need to verify your IEC details because:

There are two simple ways to verify your IEC

Step 1: Open your web browser and go to the <a href="https://www.dgft.gov.in/CP/">DGFT</a> website

Step 2: Look for the Login button at the top of the page. Type in your username and password

Step 3: Find and click on Services in the menu. Now look for IEC Management and click on it

Step 4: Here, you need to put in your PAN details and click Submit to see your IEC status or download your IEC certificate

Step 1: Visit the <a href="https://www.icegate.gov.in/">ICEGATE website</a>

Step 2: Find and click User Login under Services.&nbsp;

Step 3: After logging in, look for Check IE Code/BIN Status. Type in your IEC number, complete the captcha, and click IE Code @ ICEGATE to see your status

What are the Different Statuses of IEC Code Verification?

When you check your IEC application status, you'll see one of these status messages:

It means your application is being processed. You need to wait for four days to get the next update. During this time, DGFT officers review your documents and verify your international business details. You can use this waiting period to set up other aspects of your export business, like preparing product catalogs or finalizing your pricing strategy.

It means something wasn't quite right about your application process, and it got rejected (for example, maybe your address proof wasn't clear enough in the application). The next step could be to fix the issues and apply again (no extra fees needed). The good news is that the system will highlight which documents or details need correction, making fixing it easier. Most rejections are resolved within one resubmission, so don't get discouraged if this happens to you.

It means the DGFT has approved your <a href="https://www.skydo.com/blog/iec-code-apply-online">IEC application</a> and sent it to customs. The next step is to wait three days for customs clearance. During this time, your information is being integrated into the customs database, allowing you to ship goods internationally. You can track this status daily on the ICEGATE portal to know exactly when your code becomes active.

Registered by DGFT and Accepted by ICEGATE

It means you're all set to start your import and export operations. This status confirms that DGFT and customs systems recognize your IEC as valid and active. You can now register with shipping companies, apply for export benefits, and start accepting international orders and gigs with confidence that your documentation is complete and valid.

What are the Benefits of IEC Code Verification?

Picture losing a ₹5 lakh international project because your IEC verification wasn't current—it happens more often than you'd think. Understanding the benefits of IEC verification isn't just about following rules; it's about protecting your business and unlocking opportunities that could take your export activities to the next level.

When your IEC is verified, you'll breeze through customs checks without delays. A verified status means your documentation moves much faster, saving you time and money.

A verified IEC builds confidence in your business relationships. International clients can easily confirm that you're a legitimate freelancer. For businesses, shipping companies are more likely to process your orders quickly (keep the shipping bills handy), and banks view you as a credible business partner for financial services.

Regular verification acts as a security measure for your business. You can quickly spot if someone tries to misuse your IEC number for unauthorized trades. This verification status also serves as solid proof of your legitimate trading activities if questions ever arise.

With a verified IEC, you can easily access government export schemes for businesses like yours. Banks are more willing to offer export financing options, and you can confidently register for international trade shows. Plus, claiming benefits like duty drawback becomes much smoother.&nbsp;

What are the Common IEC verification issues and their fixes?&nbsp;

Below are some of the common IEC verification issues and their fixes you must know of:&nbsp;

If the status isn't updating: The system typically needs 24 hours to reflect changes, so patience is key. Early morning hours often work best for checking status updates. If you're still having trouble, try clearing your browser data for a fresh start.

Having login troubles: Most login issues have simple solutions. Check if you typed your username correctly. If you can't get in, use the password reset option. A common oversight is having caps locked on, so watch out for that. Always use the email address you registered with.

Website issues: The best time to check is early morning, between 6 AM and 8 AM, when there's less traffic. If you're using your phone, try switching to a computer instead. Sometimes, the problem is as simple as an unstable internet connection.

What Happens if I Don’t Verify my IEC Code?&nbsp;

Here are the potential consequences of not verifying your IEC Code number:&nbsp;

Receive Export Payments Seamlessly with Skydo&nbsp;

Having a verified IEC is your ticket to smooth international trade. However, it's equally important to manage your global payments efficiently. While traditional payment methods can reduce earnings through high fees and exchange rates, modern solutions like Skydo offer better rates for local receiving accounts.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.skydo.com/">Get started with Skydo!&nbsp;</a>

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IEC Code verification

Working with international clients is exciting, but dealing with taxes? Not so much!

If you're providing services abroad, you might be worried about getting taxed twice - once in the client's country and again in India. For instance, when a US client pays you, they might deduct their local tax, and India wants its share, too!&nbsp;

This is where the Foreign Tax Credit (FTC) comes to your rescue. And to claim it, you need to fill out Form 67.&nbsp;

In this guide, we'll walk you through the steps of filing Form 67, and how to claim a Foreign Tax Credit for taxes you've already paid abroad. No more paying twice for the same income!

What is the Foreign Tax Credit in Form 67?&nbsp;

Foreign Tax Credit is a mechanism that allows you to claim credit in India for taxes you've already paid in another country on your foreign income. It's designed to prevent double taxation - paying full taxes twice on the same income. You must file Form 67 with the Indian tax department to claim this credit.

It's like getting a discount on your Indian taxes for the tax you've already paid in another country.&nbsp;

Here's a quick example to make it clearer:

Let's say you're a freelance graphic designer in India who did work for a United States company:

Using Form 67, you can claim credit for the ₹62,250 already paid in the US:

Final tax you pay in India: INR1,24,500 - INR62,250 = INR 62,250

This way, you're not paying full tax twice on the same foreign source income. Just remember to file Form 67 before your tax return and keep proof of the foreign tax you paid so that you can claim your foreign tax credit.

Overview of Foreign Tax Credit in India&nbsp;

India has set up specific rules to help you claim credit for taxes paid abroad - it's like getting a refund on your Indian taxes for what you've already paid in other countries.&nbsp;

India manages FTC through two main sections of tax law:

<a href="https://kb.icai.org/pdfs/PDFFile5b4f2a767133a8.00550566.pdf">Section 90</a> - For countries with tax agreements

Like having a mutual discount arrangement, India has DTAAs (think of them as tax-saving partnerships) with many countries, including the US, UK, Canada, Australia, and Germany.

Let's take the India-US agreement, for example. If you work with US clients, they might deduct a maximum of <a href="https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/in/Documents/tax/in-tax-gbt-us-llc-eligible-for-india-us-tax-treaty-benefit-noexp.pdf">15%</a> tax on your payments (lower than usual rates!). You can claim this as credit in India. This agreement makes it easier for freelancers and businesses to work across borders without worrying about paying hefty taxes twice.

Remember: These agreements are like a VIP pass—they give you special tax benefits that you wouldn't get otherwise!&nbsp;

Section 91 - For countries without agreements

You can still claim credit for taxes paid, but following Indian tax rules.&nbsp;

Here's a simple example for Section 91: Suppose you earn ₹3,00,000 from a property in Brazil. You paid ₹75,000 (25%) tax there and owe ₹90,000 (30%) in India. You can claim the lower amount (₹75,000) as credit, so you'll only pay ₹15,000 more in India.

Think of it as a general credit system instead of a particular arrangement.&nbsp;

Rules for Claiming Foreign Tax Credit in India (Rule 128)

For example, If you paid INR 10,000 abroad but the Indian tax would be INR 8,000, you can claim INR 8,000

When claiming your tax credit, remember that only the actual tax you paid counts - any late fees, penalties, or interest charges won't qualify for credit. If you're working with clients from different countries, you must keep each country's calculations separate.&nbsp;

Stay away from claiming credit for any taxes that are under dispute, as this could cause problems later. Lastly, always convert your foreign earnings to rupees using official exchange rates, as the tax department won't accept any other conversion method.

The point is to avoid paying full tax twice on the same income while keeping things fair for both countries. You wouldn't want to pay the total price for the same item at two different stores!&nbsp;

Documents Required to Claim Foreign Tax Credit with Form 67 in India

When claiming FTC with Form 67, you'll need some paperwork to prove your foreign income and taxes paid—think of it as keeping receipts for your tax deductions.&nbsp;

Form 67: How to Claim Foreign Tax Credit with Form 67?&nbsp;

To claim the Foreign Tax Credit (FTC) in India using Form 67, a resident taxpayer must follow a structured process and provide specific documentation. Below are the steps:&nbsp;

Step 1: Log in to the e-filling portal of the Income Tax department using your valid user ID and password. If you are a registered user, sign in directly.

Step 2: On the dashboard, click on e-File, then select Income Tax Forms, and choose File Income Tax Forms.

Step 3: On the next page, find and select Double Taxation Relief (Form 67).

Step 4: Select the relevant Assessment Year (A.Y.) for which you claim the FTC and click Continue.

Step 5: Click on Let’s Get Started on the instructions page.

Step 6: Complete the form with all required details, including personal and other basic information and foreign income details. Ensure accuracy before proceeding.

Step 7: After completing the form, click Preview to review all entered information.

Step 8: Attach necessary documents such as proof of payment for foreign tax, TDS certificates, and other relevant documentation.

Step 9: Click on Proceed to e-Verify after verifying your details.

Step 10: Confirm submission by clicking ‘Yes’ on the confirmation message. You will be redirected to the e-verify page.

After successful e-verification, a success message will appear along with a transaction ID and acknowledgement number for future reference. A confirmation email will also be sent to your registered email address.

For Assessment Year 2024-25, you must file Form 67 by December 31, 2024, before filing your Income Tax Return (ITR). Think of it like getting your paperwork in order before the main tax filing - you can't claim foreign tax credit without submitting Form 67 first, so mark this deadline on your calendar!&nbsp;

Form 67 is divided into four main parts. Here's what each part needs:

What happens if you don't file form 67?&nbsp;

Not filing Form 67 could mean saying goodbye to your foreign tax credit - you might end up paying tax twice on the same income! However, there's some good news: recent rules are more flexible. Even if you miss the initial deadline, you can file Form 67 until the end of the assessment year (for AY 2024-25, December 31, 2024).

Think of Form 67 as your ticket to avoiding double taxation - it might seem like a paperwork hassle, but it's worth it! And here's a pro tip: when receiving payments from abroad, using platforms like Skydo can make your life easier. We provide all the payment documentation you need for Form 67, like <a href="https://www.skydo.com/blog/all-you-need-to-know-about-firc-a-complete-guide">FIRC</a> and clear transaction records, right at your fingertips. Remember, whether you're a freelancer or business owner, staying organized with your foreign return of income documents is half the battle won!&nbsp;

Sign up<a href="https://www.skydo.com/blog"> for Skydo!</a>

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Foreign Tax Credit with Form 67

W8 forms are IRS (Internal Revenue Service)&nbsp; forms that non-American individuals and businesses, including those in India, need to file if they’re earning from U.S. clients or employers. These forms help confirm your country of residence for tax purposes so that you can benefit from a reduced tax withholding rate or avoid double taxation.&nbsp;

With global work becoming the norm, many of us in India are earning from U.S. clients or companies. But figuring out international tax rules can feel like a maze, and without the right forms, you could lose more of your income to taxes. That’s where a W8 form comes in—they help you keep more of what you earn by reducing unnecessary U.S. tax withholdings. In this guide, we’ll walk you through W8 forms, so you can stay compliant and avoid losing out on your hard-earned income.

W8 forms are IRS forms that, Indian residents and companies earning from the US, must complete to qualify for a reduced U.S. tax withholding rate on income earned from U.S. sources. Although the IRS issues these forms, they aren’t submitted directly to the IRS. Instead, they are provided to the payer or withholding agent handling your U.S. income - basically your client or employer in the US.

Typically, your payer will ask you to submit the relevant W8 form before disbursing any payment. This ensures they apply the correct withholding rate as per U.S. tax treaties. Submitting the form to your payer in advance helps you avoid unnecessary tax deductions and ensures smoother payment processing.

Here’s a simple example: Imagine you’re an Indian resident working remotely for a U.S.-based company and receiving payment for your services. Although the payment comes from the U.S., since you’re performing the work outside the U.S., it’s considered foreign-sourced income by the US tax authorities. This means it’s generally not subject to U.S. tax withholding. If you were based in the US, your employer would deduct taxes from your income before paying you. At the end of the year, you would need to file a tax return to report your earnings and taxes paid.

To certify your foreign status as an Indian resident and avoid any automatic U.S. tax deductions, you would submit Form W8BEN to your employer. This form confirms that your income is foreign-sourced and only taxable in India, not the U.S

In the following section, we’ll break down the different types of W8 forms and how the U.S.-India tax agreement impacts your tax obligations.

W8 forms are filled by individuals or entities who aren’t US residents, but earn income from the U.S. This can include Indian freelancers and full-time employees working remotely or on-site, Indian investors in the US market, real estate owners having and earning from property in the US, Indian students, Indian businesses and non-profit organisations and more.&nbsp;

Here are some common income types that require a W8 form:

If you don’t submit the required Form W8, your income could be<a href="https://www.irs.gov/instructions/iw8ben"> taxed at 30% </a>under US tax laws. As an Indian resident, this same income would also be taxed in India, leading to double taxation.

What are the different types of W8 Forms?&nbsp;

There are 5 different types of W8 Forms depending on their usage

Form W8BEN ("Certificate of Foreign Status of Beneficial Owner for United States Tax Withholding and Reporting") must be submitted by Indian individuals who receive certain types of income in the United States including royalty/passive income.&nbsp;

The form, sometimes referred to as a "certificate of foreign status," establishes that the individual is a foreign person earning from the US. You need to submit Form W8BEN when requested by the withholding agent or payer whether or not you are claiming a reduced rate of or exemption from the 30% tax rate.&nbsp;

Here’s what Form W8BEN looks like :&nbsp;

You can also download <a href="https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/fw8ben.pdf">Form W8BEN right here</a>

The W8BEN-E form serves a similar purpose as the W8BEN but is specifically designed for foreign businesses and entities rather than individuals. Like individuals, income earned by foreign entities from U.S. sources is also typically subject to a 30% withholding tax. However, by submitting a correctly completed W8BEN-E, Indian businesses will qualify for a reduced withholding rate as per the India-US Income tax treaty.&nbsp;

Here’s what the first page of Form W8BEN-E looks like:

You can download the entire<a href="https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/fw8bene.pdf"> Form W8BEN-E right here</a>

Form W8ECI is for Indian individuals and entities conducting business in the U.S. and earning income directly connected to that business—known as ‘effectively connected income’ (ECI). The key benefit of ECI is that it’s taxed at a lower rate than non-business income like interest or dividends.&nbsp;

You can <a href="https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/fw8eci.pdf">download Form W8ECI right here</a>

Form W8EXP is for foreign entities like governments, banks, and nonprofits to claim tax exemptions or reduced withholding on U.S. income

<a href="https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/fw8exp.pdf">You can download Form W8EXP right here</a>

Form W8IMY is for foreign intermediaries like banks, brokers, and mutual funds to certify their status and claim reduced tax withholding on U.S. income received on behalf of clients. It ensures proper tax compliance and smooth handling of client obligations.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/fw8imy.pdf">You can download the full Form W8IMY right here</a>

If you're an Indian freelancer, service provider, or exporter earning from U.S. clients, the W8BEN or W8BEN-E forms are likely the ones you need. Filling out the right W8 form is crucial—not just to stay compliant with U.S. tax laws but also to avoid unnecessary or double taxation on your income.&nbsp;

What is the Difference Between Form W8BEN and Form W8 BEN-E?

For most Indian residents, and businesses with U.S.-sourced income, the relevant forms are Form W8BEN and Form W8BEN-E. The key difference between them is: Form W8BEN is for individuals, while Form W8BEN-E is for entities (such as businesses) receiving U.S.-sourced income.

Which Countries Have an Income Tax Treaty with the US?

The United States has income tax treaties with various foreign countries, allowing residents (not necessarily citizens) of those countries to benefit from reduced tax rates or exemptions on certain U.S.-sourced income. These tax benefits vary by country and type of income.

If a tax treaty applies to your income, filing the appropriate W8 form can help you claim these benefits and reduce unnecessary U.S. tax withholding. However, if your income type isn’t covered by a treaty—or if no treaty exists between your country and the U.S.—you’ll generally be taxed at the standard rate, as outlined in <a href="https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-form-1040-nr">Form 1040NR (U.S. Nonresident Alien Income Tax Return) instructions.</a>

Tax treaties often work both ways, meaning U.S. residents earning income in treaty countries may also qualify for similar tax benefits abroad, such as credits, deductions, and reduced tax rates. Some of the countries with which the US has income tax treaties include:&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.irs.gov/businesses/international-businesses/united-states-income-tax-treaties-a-to-z">You can find the full list of countries right here</a>

India-United States International Income Tax Treaty

The India-U.S. Income Tax Treaty has been effective since 1st&nbsp; JANUARY 1991 and it is an agreement that helps Indian and U.S. residents avoid being taxed twice on the same income. It’s designed to make earning across borders easier, fairer, and more financially efficient.

Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA)

If you’re an Indian resident earning income from the U.S., or vice versa, the treaty can provide tax credits to prevent double taxation. For instance, if you’ve paid tax on U.S. income, you may be eligible for a credit in India on that same income.

The treaty reduces withholding tax rates on certain U.S.-sourced income, like dividends, interest, and royalties. For example, instead of the standard 30% tax on dividends, Indian residents often qualify for a reduced 15% rate.

Business Profits and Permanent Establishment (PE):

If you run a business, the treaty ensures you won’t be taxed in the other country unless you have a significant, ongoing presence (called a "permanent establishment" or PE) there.&nbsp;

The treaty also allows India and the U.S. to share tax information, which helps prevent tax evasion and promotes transparency.

File a W8 Form: If you’re an Indian resident earning income from the U.S., submitting a W8 form can qualify you for a lower tax rate under the treaty.