Sending money abroad can feel overwhelming, especially when understanding the compliance requirements. One key challenge Indian residents face is knowing when and how to file Form 15CA and Form 15CB, essential documents for making international payments to non-residents.

For example, if you run a software company in India and must pay USD 10,000 to a US-based UI/UX consultant, your bank will ask for Forms 15CA and 15CB before processing the payment.&nbsp;

Does that sound relatable? Don't worry. We're here to simplify it for you.

This blog will explain exactly what these forms are, why they matter, and how to file them easily. Let's get started!

Form 15CA is a declaration form required under Indian tax law, specifically <a href="https://www.incometax.gov.in/iec/foportal/help/all-topics/statutory-forms/popular-form/form15ca-faq#:~:text=As%20per%20Section%20195%2C%20every,be%20furnished%20in%20Form%2015CA.">Section 195 of the Income Tax Act</a>. It must be submitted by any person making payments to non-residents or foreign companies when such payments are deemed taxable in India. This form ensures that the correct amount of tax is deducted at source (TDS) before the payment (remittance) is made.

Form 15CA helps the Income Tax Department monitor foreign remittance details and their tax implications. It also assists non-residents in claiming credit for taxes deducted in India.&nbsp;

TDS rate declaration: The form requires disclosing the TDS rate applicable to the payment. This rate may be based on either <a href="https://www.incometax.gov.in/iec/foportal/help/all-topics/statutory-forms/popular-form/form15ca-faq#:~:text=As%20per%20Section%20195%2C%20every,be%20furnished%20in%20Form%2015CA.">Section 195 of the Income Tax Act</a> or any lower rate specified in a relevant DTAA.

Deductions: The payer must ensure that TDS is deducted at the source before paying, reflecting compliance with Indian tax obligations.

Form 15CB is a certificate from a Chartered Accountant (CA) required before filing Part C of Form 15CA. This certificate ensures compliance with the Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement and Income Tax Act for accurate tax deductions on payments. When making taxable payments above ₹5 lakhs to non-residents, you must first obtain this CA certificate and then use it to file Part C of Form 15CA.

Quick note: A DTAA is an agreement between two countries that helps determine the tax rates and obligations when making cross-border payments. For example, when paying a US-based consultant, the India-US DTAA helps decide which tax rate applies to your payment and how much TDS needs to be deducted before sending the money abroad.

TDS rate certification: In Form 15CB, the CA certifies the TDS rate applied to the payment. The rate could be determined as follows:

Deductions overview: The CA also confirms that all necessary deductions have been made according to legal requirements before remittance.

Let's break down Form no. 15CA into simple, digestible parts. Think of it as a document with four versions (A, B, C, and D), each for specific situations.

Part A: For taxable payments up to ₹5 lakhs

Use this version when you've got special permission from the tax officer (Assessing Officer) under <a href="https://www.incometax.gov.in/iec/foportal/help/all-topics/statutory-forms/popular-form/form15ca-faq">Section 195(2), 195(3), or 197</a> to:

Think of it as a pre-approved tax discount. When filing, you'll need to show the official permission letter.

Details required: Payer (remitter) and recipient (remittee) information and the AO's order details.

This is for bigger payments. You'll need to use this when:

Important: You'll need your CA to provide Form 15CB first before filing this part. This extra step helps verify your tax calculations for larger amounts.

Use this when your payment isn't taxable in India. For example:

Even though these payments might be exempt, you must declare them through Part D of Form 15CA.

💡Quick Tip: When you're paying non-resident service providers (like international consultants, developers, or designers):

Remember: These forms are for sending money abroad, not for receiving international payments.

Form 15CA is not required in the following situations:&nbsp;

Form 15CB is not required in the following situations:&nbsp;

Existing AO certificate: If a certificate has been obtained from the Assessing Officer under Sections 195(2), 195(3), or Section 197, indicating that TDS does not apply or can be reduced, then Form 15CB is not required.&nbsp;

As per&nbsp;<a href="https://incometaxindia.gov.in/Rules/Income-Tax%20Rules/103120000000007406.htm">Rule 37BB</a>, the following payments do not require Form 15 CA CB:

What Details are Required to File Form 15 CA CB?

The details required to file form 15CA are as follows:&nbsp;

The details required to file form 15CB are as follows:&nbsp;

Note: These supporting documents help your CA verify the applicable tax rates and prepare Form 15CB, but they're not directly submitted with the form.

How to file Form 15 CA and CB Online?&nbsp;

The steps to file Form 15CA online are as follows:&nbsp;

Step 1: Access the e-filing portal. Visit the <a href="https://www.incometax.gov.in/iec/foportal/">Income Tax forms page in the e-filing portal</a> and log in using your credentials (PAN, user ID, and password).

Step 2: Navigate to form selection. Go to e-File &gt; Income Tax Forms &gt; File Income Tax Forms, and select Form 15CA from the list.

Step 3: Choose the appropriate part of Form 15CA. Once at the instructions page, select the relevant part based on your situation: Part A for such remittances not exceeding ₹5 lakh, Part B if you have obtained a certificate from the Assessing Officer under Sections 195(2), 195(3), or 197, Part C for remittances exceeding 5 lakh rupees that are chargeable to tax (requires prior submission of Form 15CB), or Part D for remittances not chargeable to tax.

Step 4: Fill in the required details. In the selected part of Form 15CA, enter all necessary information as prompted, including details of both sender and receiver, nature of payment, and remittance amount.

Step 5: Verification and submission. Complete any required verification sections and submit Form 15CA online. A confirmation pop-up will appear upon successful submission, and you should receive an acknowledgement at your registered email address.

Step 6: Accessing submitted forms. After submission, you can view your submitted Form 15CA under the "Worklist" tab by selecting "For Your Information."

The steps to file Form 15CB online are as follows:&nbsp;

Step1: Preparation by chartered accountant (CA)&nbsp;

The CA must be registered on the Income Tax e-filing portal and have a valid Digital Signature Certificate (DSC). You must provide your CA with all necessary documentation to pay a non-resident.

The CA prepares Form 15CB, certifying that the payment complies with Indian tax laws and any applicable Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (DTAAs).

Step 3: Log into the e-filing portal&nbsp;

The CA must log in using their credentials to visit the Income Tax e-filing portal.

Step 4: Access Form 15CB. After logging in, navigate to e-File &gt; Income Tax Forms &gt; File Income Tax Forms, and select Form 15CB from the list.

Step 5: Submission process Choose "Online" as the submission mode, enter the PAN of both the taxpayer and the CA, upload the prepared XML file generated from the downloaded utility, upload the DSC file generated using the DSC Management Utility, and click on the Submit button. You can also use the search box for any assistance.&nbsp;

Confirmation: Upon successful submission, a confirmation message and acknowledgment number (or transaction ID) will appear. The CA can view the uploaded Form 15CB under their dashboard. Keep the acknowledgement number for your future reference.&nbsp;

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Making international payments from India requires proper tax compliance through 15CA and 15CB documentation. Getting these right ensures smooth cross-border transactions and helps avoid regulatory issues.&nbsp;

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Form 15 CA CB

Form W8 BEN and Form W8 BEN-E are crucial for Indian residents and businesses earning income from U.S. clients. These IRS forms ensure you don’t pay more tax than necessary by letting you claim reduced withholding rates under U.S. tax treaties.

For individuals, <a href="https://www.skydo.com/blog/w8-form-explained-what-indian-residents-must-know">Form W8 BEN</a> is the go-to form, while businesses need Form W8 BEN-E. Though they might seem complicated at first, filling them out is much easier than it looks.

In this article, we’ll walk you through how to complete these forms, highlight common mistakes to avoid, and share tips to simplify the process.

How to Fill Form W8 BEN as Indian Freelancers?

Form W8 BEN, also known as the "Certificate of Foreign Status," is for Indian individuals earning certain types of income from the U.S., including royalties or passive income.

This form proves you're a foreign person, Indian resident in this instance and ensures your income is taxed correctly. You’ll need to submit it when asked by the payer or withholding agent, basically your client or employer in the US. even if you’re not claiming a reduced tax rate or exemption from the standard 30% withholding.

This is how a Form W8 BEN&nbsp; looks like:

Part I: Identification of Beneficial Owner

This section contains your personal details as an Indian resident earning income from the U.S. Here’s how to complete it:

This is the most critical section. It allows you to claim tax treaty benefits under the <a href="https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-trty/india.pdf">India-U.S. Tax Convention </a>to reduce or eliminate U.S. withholding tax.

Submit the completed form to your employer or client.&nbsp;You can also download <a href="https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/fw8ben.pdf">Form W8 BEN right here</a>

Do Indian freelancers need to file a W8 BEN?

Yes, Indian freelancers working with U.S. clients must file Form W8BEN and submit it to their clients. This certifies their status as Indian residents and allows them to claim a 0% tax withholding rate under the India-U.S. Tax Treaty.&nbsp;

How to fill Form W8 BEN E as an Indian Business?&nbsp;

The W8 BENE form serves a similar purpose as the W8 BEN but is specifically designed for Indian businesses and entities rather than individuals. Like individuals, income earned by foreign entities from U.S. sources is also typically subject to a 30% withholding tax. However, by submitting a correctly completed W8 BENE, Indian businesses will qualify for a reduced withholding rate as per the India-US Income tax treaty.&nbsp;

Here’s what the first page of Form W8 BEN E looks like:

Part I: Identification of the Beneficial Owner

This section captures your business details:

Part II: Disregarded Entity or Branch Receiving Payment

This section applies only to Foreign Financial Institutions. For most Indian businesses, you can skip this section.

Part III: Claim of Tax Treaty Benefits

This is the most critical section of the form, as it deals with claiming tax treaty benefits under the <a href="https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-trty/india.pdf">India-U.S. Tax Convention.</a>

Most of the remaining sections deal with specific entities like financial institutions, banks, and international organizations. These sections don’t apply to regular Indian businesses providing services to U.S. clients.

Filling out the W8 BEN E can feel intimidating at first, but when you focus only on the sections relevant to your business, it becomes much simpler. Take it step by step, and you’ll be done in no time!

What is the Difference Between Form W-8BEN and W-8BEN-E?&nbsp;

Both <a href="https://www.skydo.com/blog/w8-form-explained-what-indian-residents-must-know">W8 forms</a> are IRS forms that Indian residents and companies earning from the US, must complete to qualify for a reduced U.S. tax withholding rate on income earned from U.S. sources. The main difference is that Form W-8BEN is for Indian individual residents i.e freelancers, remote workers earning from the US, while Form W-8BEN-E is for Indian businesses earning from the US. Additionally,&nbsp; since Form W-8BEN-E is for businesses, it is more detailed than W-8BEN.&nbsp;

Where to Send the W-8BEN and&nbsp;W-8BEN-E Forms?

While these are IRS forms, you need to submit them to&nbsp;the withholding agent or payer which will mostly be clients/employers and not to the IRS. Failing to share the relevant w8 form with your client or employer can result in&nbsp;your U.S. client/employer withholding tax at a flat 30% rate on your payments, even if a tax treaty benefit applies.

Can I file a W-8 BEN and W-8 BEN E without a U.S. TIN?

Yes, most Indian freelancers and businesses working with U.S. clients likely won’t have a U.S. TIN (Tax Identification Number). Instead, they can use their PAN or GSTIN as their FTIN (Foreign Tax Identification Number) when filing Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E.

How long is Form W8 BEN or W8 BEN-E valid?

Form W8 BEN and W8 BEN-E are valid for three calendar years from the date of signing unless there are changes in your circumstances, such as your tax residency status or entity details. In such cases, you’ll need to submit a new form.

How to Avoid Common Mistakes When Filling Out W8 Forms?

Filling out W8 Forms as Indian residents or business isn't really complicated. However, it is important to avoid some common mistakes to&nbsp;ensure your submission is accurate and hassle-free:

There are five types of W-8 Forms, but most Indian freelancers and businesses will need Form W-8BEN or Form W-8BEN-E.

Choosing the correct form based on your status—individual or entity—is essential to avoid payment delays or incorrect tax withholding. Always double-check before submitting.

It is important to share your Tax Identification Number on the W8 Form. If you don’t have a U.S. TIN, use your PAN or GSTIN as your FTIN. Ensure the number matches your official records.

It is important to quote the correct tax treaty clause to be able to claim reduced tax withholding or exemption.&nbsp;For Indian residents, cite Article 15 (Independent Personal Services) or Article 7 (Business Profits) of the India-U.S. Tax Treaty. Clearly state your claim for a reduced or 0% withholding rate.

Selecting the wrong entity type or failing to declare your financial status can become a problem. Most Indian businesses are Active NFFE (Non-Financial Foreign Entity). Select the correct classification to avoid rejection.

W8 forms should always be submitted to the withholding agent requesting it, not directly to the IRS.

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How to Fill W-8BEN and W-8BEN-E Forms: A Guide for Indian Freelancers & Businesses

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Working with international clients is exciting, but dealing with taxes? Not so much!

If you're providing services abroad, you might be worried about getting taxed twice - once in the client's country and again in India. For instance, when a US client pays you, they might deduct their local tax, and India wants its share, too!&nbsp;

This is where the Foreign Tax Credit (FTC) comes to your rescue. And to claim it, you need to fill out Form 67.&nbsp;

In this guide, we'll walk you through the steps of filing Form 67, and how to claim a Foreign Tax Credit for taxes you've already paid abroad. No more paying twice for the same income!

What is the Foreign Tax Credit in Form 67?&nbsp;

Foreign Tax Credit is a mechanism that allows you to claim credit in India for taxes you've already paid in another country on your foreign income. It's designed to prevent double taxation - paying full taxes twice on the same income. You must file Form 67 with the Indian tax department to claim this credit.

It's like getting a discount on your Indian taxes for the tax you've already paid in another country.&nbsp;

Here's a quick example to make it clearer:

Let's say you're a freelance graphic designer in India who did work for a United States company:

Using Form 67, you can claim credit for the ₹62,250 already paid in the US:

Final tax you pay in India: INR1,24,500 - INR62,250 = INR 62,250

This way, you're not paying full tax twice on the same foreign source income. Just remember to file Form 67 before your tax return and keep proof of the foreign tax you paid so that you can claim your foreign tax credit.

Overview of Foreign Tax Credit in India&nbsp;

India has set up specific rules to help you claim credit for taxes paid abroad - it's like getting a refund on your Indian taxes for what you've already paid in other countries.&nbsp;

India manages FTC through two main sections of tax law:

<a href="https://kb.icai.org/pdfs/PDFFile5b4f2a767133a8.00550566.pdf">Section 90</a> - For countries with tax agreements

Like having a mutual discount arrangement, India has DTAAs (think of them as tax-saving partnerships) with many countries, including the US, UK, Canada, Australia, and Germany.

Let's take the India-US agreement, for example. If you work with US clients, they might deduct a maximum of <a href="https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/in/Documents/tax/in-tax-gbt-us-llc-eligible-for-india-us-tax-treaty-benefit-noexp.pdf">15%</a> tax on your payments (lower than usual rates!). You can claim this as credit in India. This agreement makes it easier for freelancers and businesses to work across borders without worrying about paying hefty taxes twice.

Remember: These agreements are like a VIP pass—they give you special tax benefits that you wouldn't get otherwise!&nbsp;

Section 91 - For countries without agreements

You can still claim credit for taxes paid, but following Indian tax rules.&nbsp;

Here's a simple example for Section 91: Suppose you earn ₹3,00,000 from a property in Brazil. You paid ₹75,000 (25%) tax there and owe ₹90,000 (30%) in India. You can claim the lower amount (₹75,000) as credit, so you'll only pay ₹15,000 more in India.

Think of it as a general credit system instead of a particular arrangement.&nbsp;

Rules for Claiming Foreign Tax Credit in India (Rule 128)

For example, If you paid INR 10,000 abroad but the Indian tax would be INR 8,000, you can claim INR 8,000

When claiming your tax credit, remember that only the actual tax you paid counts - any late fees, penalties, or interest charges won't qualify for credit. If you're working with clients from different countries, you must keep each country's calculations separate.&nbsp;

Stay away from claiming credit for any taxes that are under dispute, as this could cause problems later. Lastly, always convert your foreign earnings to rupees using official exchange rates, as the tax department won't accept any other conversion method.

The point is to avoid paying full tax twice on the same income while keeping things fair for both countries. You wouldn't want to pay the total price for the same item at two different stores!&nbsp;

Documents Required to Claim Foreign Tax Credit with Form 67 in India

When claiming FTC with Form 67, you'll need some paperwork to prove your foreign income and taxes paid—think of it as keeping receipts for your tax deductions.&nbsp;

Form 67: How to Claim Foreign Tax Credit with Form 67?&nbsp;

To claim the Foreign Tax Credit (FTC) in India using Form 67, a resident taxpayer must follow a structured process and provide specific documentation. Below are the steps:&nbsp;

Step 1: Log in to the e-filling portal of the Income Tax department using your valid user ID and password. If you are a registered user, sign in directly.

Step 2: On the dashboard, click on e-File, then select Income Tax Forms, and choose File Income Tax Forms.

Step 3: On the next page, find and select Double Taxation Relief (Form 67).

Step 4: Select the relevant Assessment Year (A.Y.) for which you claim the FTC and click Continue.

Step 5: Click on Let’s Get Started on the instructions page.

Step 6: Complete the form with all required details, including personal and other basic information and foreign income details. Ensure accuracy before proceeding.

Step 7: After completing the form, click Preview to review all entered information.

Step 8: Attach necessary documents such as proof of payment for foreign tax, TDS certificates, and other relevant documentation.

Step 9: Click on Proceed to e-Verify after verifying your details.

Step 10: Confirm submission by clicking ‘Yes’ on the confirmation message. You will be redirected to the e-verify page.

After successful e-verification, a success message will appear along with a transaction ID and acknowledgement number for future reference. A confirmation email will also be sent to your registered email address.

For Assessment Year 2024-25, you must file Form 67 by December 31, 2024, before filing your Income Tax Return (ITR). Think of it like getting your paperwork in order before the main tax filing - you can't claim foreign tax credit without submitting Form 67 first, so mark this deadline on your calendar!&nbsp;

Form 67 is divided into four main parts. Here's what each part needs:

What happens if you don't file form 67?&nbsp;

Not filing Form 67 could mean saying goodbye to your foreign tax credit - you might end up paying tax twice on the same income! However, there's some good news: recent rules are more flexible. Even if you miss the initial deadline, you can file Form 67 until the end of the assessment year (for AY 2024-25, December 31, 2024).

Think of Form 67 as your ticket to avoiding double taxation - it might seem like a paperwork hassle, but it's worth it! And here's a pro tip: when receiving payments from abroad, using platforms like Skydo can make your life easier. We provide all the payment documentation you need for Form 67, like <a href="https://www.skydo.com/blog/all-you-need-to-know-about-firc-a-complete-guide">FIRC</a> and clear transaction records, right at your fingertips. Remember, whether you're a freelancer or business owner, staying organized with your foreign return of income documents is half the battle won!&nbsp;

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Foreign Tax Credit with Form 67

W8 forms are IRS (Internal Revenue Service)&nbsp; forms that non-American individuals and businesses, including those in India, need to file if they’re earning from U.S. clients or employers. These forms help confirm your country of residence for tax purposes so that you can benefit from a reduced tax withholding rate or avoid double taxation.&nbsp;

With global work becoming the norm, many of us in India are earning from U.S. clients or companies. But figuring out international tax rules can feel like a maze, and without the right forms, you could lose more of your income to taxes. That’s where a W8 form comes in—they help you keep more of what you earn by reducing unnecessary U.S. tax withholdings. In this guide, we’ll walk you through W8 forms, so you can stay compliant and avoid losing out on your hard-earned income.

W8 forms are IRS forms that, Indian residents and companies earning from the US, must complete to qualify for a reduced U.S. tax withholding rate on income earned from U.S. sources. Although the IRS issues these forms, they aren’t submitted directly to the IRS. Instead, they are provided to the payer or withholding agent handling your U.S. income - basically your client or employer in the US.

Typically, your payer will ask you to submit the relevant W8 form before disbursing any payment. This ensures they apply the correct withholding rate as per U.S. tax treaties. Submitting the form to your payer in advance helps you avoid unnecessary tax deductions and ensures smoother payment processing.

Here’s a simple example: Imagine you’re an Indian resident working remotely for a U.S.-based company and receiving payment for your services. Although the payment comes from the U.S., since you’re performing the work outside the U.S., it’s considered foreign-sourced income by the US tax authorities. This means it’s generally not subject to U.S. tax withholding. If you were based in the US, your employer would deduct taxes from your income before paying you. At the end of the year, you would need to file a tax return to report your earnings and taxes paid.

To certify your foreign status as an Indian resident and avoid any automatic U.S. tax deductions, you would submit Form W8BEN to your employer. This form confirms that your income is foreign-sourced and only taxable in India, not the U.S

In the following section, we’ll break down the different types of W8 forms and how the U.S.-India tax agreement impacts your tax obligations.

W8 forms are filled by individuals or entities who aren’t US residents, but earn income from the U.S. This can include Indian freelancers and full-time employees working remotely or on-site, Indian investors in the US market, real estate owners having and earning from property in the US, Indian students, Indian businesses and non-profit organisations and more.&nbsp;

Here are some common income types that require a W8 form:

If you don’t submit the required Form W8, your income could be<a href="https://www.irs.gov/instructions/iw8ben"> taxed at 30% </a>under US tax laws. As an Indian resident, this same income would also be taxed in India, leading to double taxation.

What are the different types of W8 Forms?&nbsp;

There are 5 different types of W8 Forms depending on their usage

Form W8BEN ("Certificate of Foreign Status of Beneficial Owner for United States Tax Withholding and Reporting") must be submitted by Indian individuals who receive certain types of income in the United States including royalty/passive income.&nbsp;

The form, sometimes referred to as a "certificate of foreign status," establishes that the individual is a foreign person earning from the US. You need to submit Form W8BEN when requested by the withholding agent or payer whether or not you are claiming a reduced rate of or exemption from the 30% tax rate.&nbsp;

Here’s what Form W8BEN looks like :&nbsp;

You can also download <a href="https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/fw8ben.pdf">Form W8BEN right here</a>

The W8BEN-E form serves a similar purpose as the W8BEN but is specifically designed for foreign businesses and entities rather than individuals. Like individuals, income earned by foreign entities from U.S. sources is also typically subject to a 30% withholding tax. However, by submitting a correctly completed W8BEN-E, Indian businesses will qualify for a reduced withholding rate as per the India-US Income tax treaty.&nbsp;

Here’s what the first page of Form W8BEN-E looks like:

You can download the entire<a href="https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/fw8bene.pdf"> Form W8BEN-E right here</a>

Form W8ECI is for Indian individuals and entities conducting business in the U.S. and earning income directly connected to that business—known as ‘effectively connected income’ (ECI). The key benefit of ECI is that it’s taxed at a lower rate than non-business income like interest or dividends.&nbsp;

You can <a href="https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/fw8eci.pdf">download Form W8ECI right here</a>

Form W8EXP is for foreign entities like governments, banks, and nonprofits to claim tax exemptions or reduced withholding on U.S. income

<a href="https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/fw8exp.pdf">You can download Form W8EXP right here</a>

Form W8IMY is for foreign intermediaries like banks, brokers, and mutual funds to certify their status and claim reduced tax withholding on U.S. income received on behalf of clients. It ensures proper tax compliance and smooth handling of client obligations.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/fw8imy.pdf">You can download the full Form W8IMY right here</a>

If you're an Indian freelancer, service provider, or exporter earning from U.S. clients, the W8BEN or W8BEN-E forms are likely the ones you need. Filling out the right W8 form is crucial—not just to stay compliant with U.S. tax laws but also to avoid unnecessary or double taxation on your income.&nbsp;

What is the Difference Between Form W8BEN and Form W8 BEN-E?

For most Indian residents, and businesses with U.S.-sourced income, the relevant forms are Form W8BEN and Form W8BEN-E. The key difference between them is: Form W8BEN is for individuals, while Form W8BEN-E is for entities (such as businesses) receiving U.S.-sourced income.

Which Countries Have an Income Tax Treaty with the US?

The United States has income tax treaties with various foreign countries, allowing residents (not necessarily citizens) of those countries to benefit from reduced tax rates or exemptions on certain U.S.-sourced income. These tax benefits vary by country and type of income.

If a tax treaty applies to your income, filing the appropriate W8 form can help you claim these benefits and reduce unnecessary U.S. tax withholding. However, if your income type isn’t covered by a treaty—or if no treaty exists between your country and the U.S.—you’ll generally be taxed at the standard rate, as outlined in <a href="https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-form-1040-nr">Form 1040NR (U.S. Nonresident Alien Income Tax Return) instructions.</a>

Tax treaties often work both ways, meaning U.S. residents earning income in treaty countries may also qualify for similar tax benefits abroad, such as credits, deductions, and reduced tax rates. Some of the countries with which the US has income tax treaties include:&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.irs.gov/businesses/international-businesses/united-states-income-tax-treaties-a-to-z">You can find the full list of countries right here</a>

India-United States International Income Tax Treaty

The India-U.S. Income Tax Treaty has been effective since 1st&nbsp; JANUARY 1991 and it is an agreement that helps Indian and U.S. residents avoid being taxed twice on the same income. It’s designed to make earning across borders easier, fairer, and more financially efficient.

Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA)

If you’re an Indian resident earning income from the U.S., or vice versa, the treaty can provide tax credits to prevent double taxation. For instance, if you’ve paid tax on U.S. income, you may be eligible for a credit in India on that same income.

The treaty reduces withholding tax rates on certain U.S.-sourced income, like dividends, interest, and royalties. For example, instead of the standard 30% tax on dividends, Indian residents often qualify for a reduced 15% rate.

Business Profits and Permanent Establishment (PE):

If you run a business, the treaty ensures you won’t be taxed in the other country unless you have a significant, ongoing presence (called a "permanent establishment" or PE) there.&nbsp;

The treaty also allows India and the U.S. to share tax information, which helps prevent tax evasion and promotes transparency.

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